Samad agha biography books

1. Early Life and Education
2. Revolutionary Activities
3. Political Career
4. Leadership in the Azerbaijan SSR
5. Alphabet Reform
6. Literary Contributions
7. Later Years
8. Legacy

Early Life and Education

Samad Aga Aliyev was born on December 15, 1867, in the village of Kyrakh-Kesemen, Azerbaijan, into a farming family. He graduated from the Vladikavkaz Military High School, specializing as a land surveyor.

Revolutionary Activities

Aliyev began his revolutionary work in 1888. During the events of 1904-1905, he witnessed the suppression of the "Gummet" organization in the city of Ganja. In February 1917, he became a member of the Ganja Soviet and later joined the United Elizavetpol Committee and Soviet.

Political Career

From 1918 to 1920, Aliyev served as a member of the Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from the "Gummet" party. In 1920, he became the People's Commissar of Agriculture of the Azerbaijan SSR.

Leadership in the Azerbaijan SSR

From 1922 to 1929, Aliyev served as the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR. He was also one of the Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of the Transcaucasian SFSR. As a member of the "Gummet" party's Menshevik wing, Aliyev played a significant role in the political landscape of Azerbaijan.

Alphabet Reform

Aliyev is best known for his leadership in the Azerbaijani alphabet reform. In 1922, he was appointed Chairman of the Committee for the Introduction of the New Turkic Alphabet. Under his guidance, a new Latin-based alphabet was developed and approved in 1925, which gradually replaced the Arabic script.

Literary Contributions

Aliyev also made notable literary contributions. In 1924, he edited and published the renowned pamphlet "Kamaluddin and Jamaluddin" by Mirza Fatali Akhundov. He led the All-Union Central Committee for the New Alphabet from 1925.

Later Years

Aliyev continued to participate in Azerbaijani affairs, contributing to newspapers and journals. After his retirement from political life, he devoted his time to writing about the revolutionary movement and cultural revolution in the East.

Legacy

Samad Aga Aliyev died in Moscow. His legacy lives on through the Azerbaijan Agricultural Institute, which was named in his honor. His contributions to the Azerbaijani alphabet reform and cultural revolution earned him recognition as a prominent figure in the history of the country.